Ans. AIDS: Acquired immuno Deficiency Syndrome.
Causative Agent: HIV III (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus). During this disorder there is reduction in the number of Helper T-cells. T-cells activate or stimulate B-lymphocytes to produce the antibodies. It results in the loss of natural defence against viral infections.
Incubation period:--- The incubation period of AIDS is 15-57 months. Symptoms: AIDS sufferer has some lung disease and skin cancer. Nerves are damaged. Memory is lost. Inability to speak and think. WBC's are destroyed.
The-number of thrombocytes becomes less which may cause haemorrhage. Enlargement of lymph glands, loss of weight, fever etc. in most cases.
Diagnosis:--- AIDS is detected by ELISA test (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assey test) and western blood test.
Structure of AIDS virus:-- This is a retrovirus having RNA (genetic material) and reverse transcriptase enzyme. There
is a glycoprotein coat, double layer of lipid membrane and two protein coats.
Prevention (control measures):---- No vaccine or medicine is known to be available against AIDS infection. It is a dreadful disease. It can be controlled by the following measures:---
. Avoid sexual contact with the infected person.
.Use of disposable syringe and needle by doctors.
. Screening of blood for HIV before transfusion of blood of needy persons in hospitals.
. Avoid prostitution and homosexuality. Make laws to ban.
• Use of condom etc. during the intercourse.
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