Ans. Cancer is a tumour which means an unusual, uncontrollable amount of growth or enlargement of tissue due to unlimited repeated division of cells. It is found in
those tissue which habitually renew the cells. Since they divide and redivide their number increase as the cells formed do not differentiate and this make them invade the neighbouring cells.
The cells break away, migrate to other region and form secondary tumour.
This stage is metastasia. At this stage, the cells of tumour synthesize such substances that may cause the death of the individual. Cancer can be categorised in the following four main types:
(i) Carcinoma:-
It is the cancer or abnormal growth of cells at the surface the epithelial tissues that cover or line the body organs. The category includes breast cancer, lung cancer, cancer of the pancreas and stomatch.
(ii) Leukaemia:-
Leukaemia is the cancer of the bone marrow and blood forming organs. In this cancer, the white blood cells (WBC's) show an abnormal increase and infiltration in to other tissues, such as bone marrow, the spleen and the lymph
nodes. Persons affected with the disease show excessive production of leucocytes (W.B.C.). Acute leukaemia occurs most frequently in the children under the age
of five.
(iii) Lymphoma:-
Lymphoma is cancer of the nodes and spleen. It results in excessive production of lymphocytes.
(iv) Sarcoma:-
Sarcoma is the cancer of the connective tissue.
Causes of Cancer:- Carcinogenesis
may be due to carcinogens which may
be onchogenic like radiations, chemicals, hormones and cancer causing RNA and DNA viruses. Cancer may be detected by CT scan, MRI etc.
Treatment of Cancer:- Cancer may be treated by surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapy.
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