Give the salient features of Human Genome.

Ans. The salient features of human genome project are following:---

It is a mega project.

⚫ The Human genome contains 3164.7 million nucleotide bases (3 x 109 bases pairs).

⚫ Average gene has 3000 bases. The sizes differ greatly.

⚫ The largest known human gene is dystrophin at 2.4 million bases.

⚫ Total number of genes is estimated at 30,000- much lower than early of estimate of 80,000 to 1,40,000 genes.

⚫ App all (99.9%) nucleotide bases are exactly same in all humans.

⚫ Functions are unknown for about 50% of invented genes.

⚫ Less than 2% of genome codes for proteins.

⚫ The repeated sequences constitute much large part of human genome.

⚫ The repetitive sequences are "stretches of DNA sequences which are repeated many times, sometimes hundred to thousand times." 

They have no direct coding functions. 

They revealb the chromosome structure, dynamics as well as the evolution.

⚫ Chromosome 1 has most genes (2968). Y has fewest (231) genes.

⚫ The biologists have identified app. 1.4 million locations where single-base DNA differences or the SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) i.e. pronounced as 'snips' occur in humans.

This information promises to revolutionise processes for finding chromosomal location for disease associated sequence, so it is helpful to trace human history.

इन्हे भी पढ़िए :- 

Describe the role of various enzymes and proteins involved in thereplication of DNA.