Differentiate between following and give examples of each: (a) Innate and acquired immunity.(b) Active and passive immunity.

Ans.  (a) Differences between innate and acquired immunity:---

Innate immunity :--

(i) It consists all the defence elements with which an individual is born.

(ii) It includes various types of barriers that prevent the entry of foreign agents, e.g.,skin prevents entry of the micro organisms.

Acquired immunity.

(i)It is acquired after the birth, e.g., attack of measles develops acquired immunity.

(ii) It includes specialised cells (T and B cells) and antibodies that circulate in the body fluids.

(b) Differences between active and passive immunity:---

Active Immunity :-

(i) Active immunity is developed when persons's own cells produce antibodies in response to infection or vaccine.

(ii) It provides relief only after long period.

(iii) It is long lasting., e.g., attack of small pox develops active immunity

Passive Immunity :--

(i) Passive immunity is developed when anti-bodies produced in other orga

-nisms are injected into a person. (ii) It provides immediale relief.

(iii) It is not long lasting, e.g., ATS is used for passive immunisation against tetanus.